动词不定式的时态用法(to do不定式的用法总结)

动词不定式的时态用法

不定式是指to后面加的动词原形,但是有时态及语态变化,to后面仍是加原形,但是动词有主动态、被动态及过去、现在、将来、及进行的改变,由于to后面要加原形,所以：

1、不定式的一般现在式todo表示不定式的.动作将要发生或与谓语动作同时发生。被动语态：tobedone;

2、不定式的进行体tobedoing表示不定式的动作正在发生.无被动语态;

3、不定式的完成体tohavedone表示不定式的动作在谓语动作之前发生.被动语态：tohavebeendone。

to do不定式的用法总结

动词不定式的用法：1、动词不定式做主语时，用it作形式主语，不定式后置。2、动词不定式做宾语常接在谓语动词或系表结构后。3、动词不定式可以做目的状语，可以表达将来时态。4、疑问词+动词不定式表示“应该如何做/何时做/何地做哪些事”。5、特殊句型如“only to do”，意为“竟然”。

动词不定式的用法

一、动词不定式做主语

动词不定式做主语，一般用it作形式主语，不定式后置，具体的句型为It's adj/noun (for sb) to do

It's a pity for you to drop out of school.

= For you, to drop out of school is a pity.

真遗憾，你竟然辍学了。

It's a pleasure for me to be your guest.

= For me, to be your guest is a pleasure.

很荣幸得到你的邀请。

It's a good plan for you to make more friendships.

= For you to make more friendships is a good plan.

广交朋友是个好办法。

It's a good idea for you to eat less fried food

= For you to eat less fried food is a good idea.

你少吃点油炸食品是好想法。

It was difficult to answer the question.

这问题很难回答。

It looked impossible for me to finish on time.

我似乎不可能按时完成了。

It was stupid of him to press the emergency button.

他按了紧急按钮，这真愚蠢。

如果形容词既可以修饰句子中的人，也可以修饰句子中的不定式，人前要用“of”

二、动词不定式做宾语

1. 谓语动词+动词不定式(多数动词属于此类动词)

Some students hate to study English.

有些学生不喜欢研读英语。

You need to study in a quiet place.

你必须在安静的地方读书。

He likes to go to the movie.

他喜欢去看电影。

She wants to help Mary.

她想要帮助玛丽。

She pretended not to go.

她假装不去。

He pretended to be a good man.

他假装是好人。

They agreed to have a meeting the next week.

他们同意下星期开会。

They stopped to have a rest.

他们停下来休息。(停下去做)

I have stopped smoking for half a year.

我已经半年不抽烟了。(停止做)

She remembered to surf the internet to get information.

她记得上网查信息。(记得要做)

I remembered bringing my homework.

我记得带作业了。(记得做过)

We happened to meet at the station.

我们碰巧在火车站相遇。

2. 系表结构+动词不定式

glad，sorry，happy，sad，surprised，troubled等与情绪有关的形容词后常用动词不定式。

I am glad to see him.

我很高兴看到他。

Sue was troubled to see trash everywhere.

苏看到到处是垃圾很苦恼。

Sara was excited to see the rock band.

莎拉看到摇滚乐团很兴奋。

His health is likely to get worse.

他的健康可能会恶化。

三、 动词不定式做宾语补足语

结构︰主语+谓语+宾语+动词不定式

多数动词，常用的有want，get，compel，expect，ask，would like，advise，urge，wish，tell，allow，permit，trouble，help，teach 等。

I told him not to give up.

我叫他不要放弃。

The teacher urged his students to prepare for the exam.

老师劝他的学生准备考试。

They forced me to do things against my will.

他们强迫我做违背我心意的事。

Do you want me to go there instead of you?

要不要我代你到那儿去?

I got him to do it.

我叫他做这事。

Their help enabled me to finish the work with ease.

他们帮助我，使我能够顺利地完成工作。

The father allowed (=permitted) his son to travel abroad alone.

父亲答应让他的儿子单独出国旅行。

We troubled him to turn on the light.

我们麻烦他打开电灯。

We needed someone to fix the tape recorder.

我们需要有人来修理录音机。

注意：动词不定式做make, have, let, hear, see, feel等动词宾语的补足语，要省略“to”

make/have sb. do sth.

I made him do it.

我叫他做这事。

I let him do it.

我让他做这事。

They had/made the girl clean the floor.

他们叫这个女孩打扫地板。

My father will probably have Tom paint the house green.

我爸爸很可能叫汤姆把房子漆成绿色。

He had me help him with his homework.

他叫我帮忙他做家庭作业。

Did you notice anyone come in?

你注意到有人进来过吗?

As far as I remember, I have never seen him smile.

在我记忆中，我从未见他笑过。

I felt my heart beat violently.

我感觉到自己的心跳得很厉害。

She liked to listen to children talk.

她喜欢听孩子们谈话。

四

动词不定式做目的状语

To make sure that he was at home, I called him up in advance.

为了确定他在家，我事先打电话给他。

He came to China to learn Chinese twenty years ago.

他在20年前到中国学中文。

in order/so as + 动词不定式

He must work very hard in order to support his large family.

他必须拼命工作以养活他的大家庭。

Listen carefully so as to follow the teacher.

要仔细听才能听懂老师讲的课。

You must watch your step so as not to fall down.

你必须留心脚下才不会跌下去。

be used + 动词不定式

The book is used to teach us how to write.

这本书教我们如何写作。

The knife can be used to cut meat.

刀能用来切肉。

The book is used as a reference book.

这本书被用来做参考书。

五、动词不定式表达将来

1. be going to ...

说明︰ “将做…”。，表示最近之未来将做的行为或未来的意图。

经常用于口语，表示包含讲话者的主观或感情的情形。

He is going to marry Jane in May.

他打算五月和珍结婚。

I am going to stay up late to finish my paper.

为了完成报告我打算熬夜不睡。

I’m afraid he is going to lose the match.

我恐怕他会输掉比赛。

The train was just going to start when we arrived.

我们到达时，火车马上就要开了。

My father was a sailor and I’m going to be one, too.

我父亲(以前)是水手，我也打算当水手。

2. be about to ...

说明︰意为“将做…”。表示极近的未来之行为。

He was surely about to change his mind. 他一定会改变主意。

She was about to walk out of the door when it began raining.

她正要出门，天下起了雨。

Something unusual was about to happen. 某种不寻常的事正要发生。

3. be to ...

说明︰含有事先的安排或命令，表示“必须…;应该…;打算…”。

At the end of the course, all students are to take a written exam.

本门课程结束时，所有学生都要参加书面考试。

Mr Jones is to speak at the meeting.

琼斯先生将在会议上发言。

4. be bound to ... “一定…”

In such a hurry, she was bound to leave something behind that she would need later.

她走得太匆忙，一定会忘带要用的东西的。

He is bound to come tonight.

他今天晚上一定会来。

After wasting her study time hanging out with friends, Rebecca was bound to fail her quiz the next day.

瑞贝卡浪费学习时间和朋友出去瞎混，她第二天的测试一定不会及格的。

六、疑问词(how/what/when/where/which/whose(+名词))+动词不定式

“应该如何做/何时做/何地做/做哪些事…”。

How do I know what to do and what not to do?

我怎么知道什么该做，什么不该做?

What to do is one question, and how to do it is quite another.

应该做什么和应该怎样做是完全不同的两个问题。

We haven’t decided where to go for lunch. 我们还没有决定去哪里午餐。

There are so many fancy cars on display here that I don’t know which to buy.

有这么多的豪华汽车在此展出，我不知要买哪一辆才好。

I don’t know which advise to follow.

不晓得该听谁的劝告。

How to begin is more difficult than where to stop.

如何着手远比在何处结束来得困难。

The problem is when to get the money we need.

问题是什么时候能得到我们所需要的钱。

I have no other wish except to pass the examination.

我除了要通过考试之外，没有别的心愿。

七、含动词不定式的其它特殊句型

1, ... too ... to ...

说明︰意为“太…而(使某人)不能…”。

He walked too slowly to catch up with me.

他走得太慢而不能跟上我。

It is too dark in this room for me to read a book.

房间太暗，使我无法看书。

This problem is too difficult for them to settle.

这对他们来说真是一个难解的问题。

The price is too low for customers to believe.

价格低得令顾客难以相信。

He is too young a boy to do it.

他还太小，无法做这事。

He has too much work on hand to go picnicking with us.

他手头的工作太多了，不能跟我们去野餐。

I am only too glad to accept your kind invitation.

我非常高兴地接受你的邀请。

He is only too willing to serve friends.

他极愿为朋友效劳。

2, ADJ/ADV + enough to ...

说明︰此句型意为“足以…”。

We need several men strong enough to do the work.

我们需要几个强壮得足以做这件工作的人。

They bought a house large enough for ten persons to live in.

我们买了一栋房子，大得足以供十个人住。

He is competent enough to fill that position.

他足以胜任那职位。

He ran fast enough to catch the thief.

他跑得飞快，足以抓住那小偷。

Our teacher is old enough to retire.

我们老师年纪已够得上退休了。

3, ... be good enough to ...

说明︰此句型意为“请你…好吗?”。语气较客气。

Would you be good enough to turn the radio down a bit?

请你把收音机的声音关小一点好吗?

Would you be good enough to keep silent?

请你保持安静好吗?

Would you be good enough to move a bit to the right?

请你往右边移一点好吗?

4, ... enough + N + to do ...

说明︰此句型意为“有足够的…可以做…”。

He has enough money (=money enough) to buy a car.

他有足够的钱买一辆汽车。

It is a pity that he doesn’t have enough money to sponsor the project.

遗憾的是他没有足够的钱来支持这项计划。

5,... only to do ...

说明︰此句型意为“竟然…;却…”。表示与先前的努力相反的结果，一般用在句尾。

He studied hard only to fail in the exam.

他这么用功，结果竟然考场失利。

He rushed all the way to the station only to miss the train.

他一路冲往车站，结果还是错过了火车。

I went out, merely to get caught in a shower.

我跑出去，结果徒然碰到一场骤雨。

6, ... have only to do ...

说明︰此句型意为“只需…就够了”。

You have only to sit there and watch what I am doing.

你只要坐在这里，看着我做就行了。

Don’t worry; you have only to sing a song to please her.

不用担心，你只需唱首歌让她高兴就行了。

You have only to ask and he’ll tell you.

你只要问他，他就会告诉你。

7, ... seem/appear to ...

说明︰此句型意为“似乎是…，好像…”。

John seems to love music very much. 约翰似乎很喜欢音乐。

He appears to be very tired. 他似乎很累。

These stars appear to move around the North Star. 这些星星似乎环绕着北极星转。

8, ... is said to ...

说明︰此句型意为“据说…(现在)是…”。

She is said to have given a lot of money to charity.

据说她向慈善机构捐了大量的钱。

That author is said to be very famous.

据说，那个作家非常有名。

They are said to build a hospital here.

据说他们要在这里盖一家医院。

八.含动词不定式的常见固定表达：

to tell the truth(老实说) to be brief(简言之)

to begin with(首先) to sum up(总之)

to make matters worse(更糟的是)

so to speak(可以这么说) needless to say(不用说)等。

To tell the truth, I don’t agree to your plan.

老实讲，我不同意你的计划。

Mary is, so to speak, a hardworking student.

玛丽可说是个用功的学生。

Needless to say, learning without thinking is useless.

不用说，学而不思则罔。

动词不定式用法

动词不定式在中学英语中应用非常广泛，一方面在句中可起名词、形容词或副词的作用，同时也可在句中作主语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。动词不定式的形式一般是to +动词原形，但to有时要省去。而动词不定式在具体运用时用不用to，取决于谓语动词的用法。现就以下几方面介绍如下。
一、 不定式结构
1. 带to的不定式结构
能直接跟带to的不定式结构的动词主要有：want, ask, tell, hope, learn, try, decide, forget, remember, like, love, stop, go, come等。如：
I want to go to the movies with you.
我想跟你一起去看电影。
Don’t forget to turn off the light before you leave.
在你离开之前别忘了关灯。
注意：动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式前直接加not，即not to do sth.。如：
Dave told me not to wake up Kate.
大卫告诉我别叫醒凯特。
2. 不带to的不定式结构
以下几种情况使用不带to的动词不定式：
（1）在固定词组had better之后。注意：had better的否定形式是had better not do sth.。如：
You had better go home now.
你最好现在回家。
It’s cold outside. You’d better not go out.
外面很冷，你最好不要出去。
（2）在let, make, see, feel, watch, hear等感官或使役动词后，要跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：
I made them give me the money back.
我迫使他们把钱还给我。
I didn’t see you come in.
我没看见你进来。
（3）在引导疑问句的why not之后。Why not+不带to的不定式是Why don’t you do的省略，可以用来提出建议或劝告。如：
Why not study with us？
为什么不和我们一起学呢？
Why not take a holiday?=Why don’t you take a holiday？
为什么不休个假呢?
（4）不定式动词在介词but, except, besides后面时，如这些介词前有实义动词do的各种形式，则后接不带to的不定式，否则带to。如：
I have no choice but to accept the fact.
除了接受这个事实我别无选择。
What do you like to do besides swim?
除了游泳你还喜欢做什么？
（5）为了避免重复，不定式可省去to。如：
I’m really puzzled what to think or say.
对于想什么或说什么，我真的很困惑。
二、 不定式的时态
不定式常用的时态有一般时、完成时、进行时和完成进行时四种，常用的为前三种。
1. 一般时
动词不定式的一般式表示不定式的动作或状态与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或在之后发生。如：
I plan to attend the meeting.
我计划参加这次会议。
2. 完成时
不定式的完成式表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。如：
I am sorry to have kept you waiting.
很抱歉让你久等了。
3. 进行时
不定式的进行式表示不定式的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。如：
They are said to be working hard.
据说他们工作得很努力。
4. 完成进行时
不定式的完成进行式表示不定式的动作在谓语动词之前已经发生，并且一直进行着。如：
He is said to have been working in that factory for twelve years.
据说他已在那家工厂工作12年了。
三、 动词不定式在句中的作用
1． 作主语
如：To live is to work.
生活就是工作。
To save time is to lengthen life.
节约时间就等于延长了人的生命。
不定式结构作主语时，现代英语倾向于采用it作形式主语，而把不定式结构后置的形式。如：
It is important for students to study English.
学好英语对学生来说是很重要的。
2. 作定语
（1）不定式作定语，要放在它所修饰的名词或代词的后面。如：
I have nothing to say on this question.
对这个问题我无可奉告。
（2）如果不定式是不及物动词，后面就应有必要的介词。如：
Give me a piece of paper to write on. 给我一张纸写字。
（3）有些名词常可用不定式作定语。如：
Our teacher had no time to think about rest.
我们老师根本没时间考虑休息一下。
3. 作宾语
I wish to be a college student.
我希望成为一名大学生。
有的及物动词要求跟复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)。如果其中的宾语是不定式短语，则必须将形式宾语it放在宾语的位置上，而将不定式短语(真正的宾语)放在宾语补足语之前。如：
I find it useful to learn English well.
我发现学好英语很有用。
4. 作宾语补足语
动词不定式作宾语补足语是动词不定式用法的一个重点，学习时要注意以下三种情况。
（1）作动词ask, like, tell等的宾语补足语时，动词不定式符号to不可以省略。如：
He asked me to talk about English study.
他请我谈谈英语学习。
（2）作使役动词let, have, make以及感官动词feel, hear, see, watch等的宾语补足语时，动词不定式符号to要省略。如：
The teacher made him say the word like this.
老师让他像这样说这个单词。
（3）作动词help的宾语补足语时，动词不定式符号to可以带，也可以不带。如：
Could you help me (to) carry the heavy box？
你能帮我搬这个重箱子吗？
5. 作状语
动词不定式及其短语具有副词的特性，可在句中作状语。
（1）作目的状语。如：
He stopped to have a rest.
他停下来休息。
（2）作结果状语。如：
He woke up to find everybody gone.
他醒来发现大家都走了。
（3）在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后作原因状语。如：
I’m sorry to hear your grandma is ill.
听到你奶奶生病真遗憾。
（4）在带有enough或too的句子里作状语，表程度。如：
He is old enough to go to school.
他到了上学年龄了。
（5）强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用in order to或so as to +动词原形，so as to不用于句首。如：
The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers.
公共汽车停下来以便接乘客
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